Protective effects of Korean ginseng on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion damage
Myocardial ischemia, also called ischemic heart disease, involves myocardial tissue and is due to the establishment of an imbalance between the blood supply here and the tissue’s demand for oxygen, which then becomes hypoxic.
Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) appears to be effective in the prevention and treatment of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion-derived damage.
The mechanism by which the plant exerts cardioprotective effects lies in its phytocomplex. In fact, Korean ginseng contains many pharmacologically active components including glycosides, polyphenols, and polysaccharides that, together and individually, act against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Myocardial reperfusion was originally a treatment for myocardial ischemia, but its application has also resulted in major damage, including ROS (reactive oxygen species) generation, calcium overload, energy metabolism disturbances, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, microvascular injury, autophagy, and apoptosis.
This review study, based primarily on preclinical research, aimed to elucidate the protective effects of Korean ginseng and its active components against this problem and to gather available experimental evidence to provide new insights for research and application of the plant in this specific clinical context.
The review was based on a search of PubMed, NCBI, Embase, and Web of Science databases through February 2022, focusing on the activity of the various active ingredients of Korean ginseng (ginsenosides, polysaccharides, phytosterols, etc.), the pathophysiological mechanisms of myocardial reperfusion injury as well as the potential mechanisms of these active ingredients for the prevention and treatment of myocardial disorders.
Korean ginseng and its active components are able to regulate oxidative stress-related proteins, inflammatory cytokines, and apoptosis factors, protecting the myocardium and preventing myocardial ischemia and reperfusion damage, thus playing a role in both prevention and treatment. The authors highlight that the use of Asian ginseng in this condition should be based on the TCM approach in synergy with Western medicine and that its clinical efficacy can be improved.
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Fonte: Jinjin Chen, Qingxia Huang, Jing Li, Yao Yao, Weichen Sun, Zepeng Zhang, Hongyu Qi, Zhaoqiang Chen, Jiaqi Liu, Oaqing Zhao, Jia Mi, Xiangyan Li. Panax ginseng against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury: A review of preclinica/ evidence and potential mechanisms. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 300, 2023, 115715, /SSN 0378-8741.
