Benefits of Genistein on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism: Systematic Review and Meta-Analyzed
Impaired glucose and lipid metabolism is one of the most common health problems worldwide, increasing with age.
According to the International Diabetes Federation, the global prevalence of diabetes will reach 592 million and 642 million by 2035 and 2040, respectively. The World Health Organization reported that 17.9 million people died from cardiovascular diseases in 2019, representing 32% of all global deaths.
Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia are major risk factors for diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and other metabolic disorders.
The primary management of these disorders includes lifestyle modifications and dietary supplements. Phytoestrogens, compounds similar to estrogens, are present in soy products and are associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular diseases. Genistein, daidzein, and glycitein are the main isoflavones in soy. Genistein has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and can prevent T2DM, CVD, obesity, and cancer.
This meta-analysis is the first to consider the effect of genistein supplementation on BMI, glucose metabolism, lipid profile, and homocysteine in the entire population, not just postmenopausal women.
Several clinical trials have demonstrated the potential effects of genistein but with conflicting results. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to provide a comprehensive summary of the effects of genistein on glycemic indices, lipid profiles, and homocysteine.
A comprehensive systematic search was conducted in the PubMed-Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar databases.
The results showed a significant decrease in BMI (WMD = -0.19 kg/m2; 95% CI: −0.36, −0.02), fasting blood glucose (WMD = -6.2 mg/dl; 95% CI: −8.93, −3.47), insulin level (WMD = -1.61 µU/ml; 95% CI: −2.20, −1.01), HOMA-IR (WMD = -0.65; 95% CI: −0.83, −0.47), triglycerides (WMD = -21.55 mg/dl; 95% CI: –33.83, −9.27), total cholesterol (WMD = -8.10 mg/dl; 95% CI: −14.94, −1.26), and homocysteine (WMD = -1.02 mg/dl; 95% CI: −1.86, −0.18), but not LDL-C levels (WMD = -10.68 mg/dl; 95% CI: −24.29, 2.93). Additionally, HDL-C levels increased significantly (WMD = 3.34 mg/dl; 95% CI: 1.24, 5.43).
Genistein supplementation had significant beneficial effects on glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as homocysteine levels, and may help control metabolic status.
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Source: Hassan Braxas, Vali Musazadeh, Meysam Zarezadeh, Alireza Ostadrahimi, Genistein effectiveness in improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism and homocysteine levels: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Journal of Functional Foods, Volume 102, 202, 105433, ISSN 1756-4646, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2023.105433.
